层间剪切带粒度分形几何特征及工程地质意义

本文对分形几何方法表征土的粒度组成加以了补充, 并用它来描述和表征层间剪切带的粒度组成, 据此将其划分为五个类型。在此基础上较为深入地阐述了其工程地质意义, 并着重讨论了用它来识别层间剪切带所遭受的构造变形破坏程度、演化阶段问题等。     

小湾电站深切河谷边坡演化动力学过程及机制研究

小湾水电站坝址位于高山峡谷区,深切峡谷形成演化的动力学过程决定了坝区边坡目前的形态特征、岩体结构特征及稳定性状况,由此深刻影响边坡设计方案和建基面的选择。基于现场工作和分析测试成果,得出主要结论有:(1)由于河谷形成过程中的卸荷作用及风化作用,边坡浅表层改造强烈,产生了大量的中缓倾角裂隙,坡面附近近SN向陡裂张开、扩展; 浅表层发育了大量近EW向挤压带(面); (2)岸坡浅表层中缓倾角结构面的产生机制,包括沿原构造节理扩展和新生裂隙; 坡体下部的中缓倾角裂隙会因差异卸荷回弹而继续扩展,坡体中上部岩体质量劣化,在地应力场调整过程中,因剪切滑移继续扩展,坡体逐渐进入时效变形阶段。(3)对河谷边坡进行了地质—工程分类,指出各类边坡可能变形失稳模式包括倾倒变形、平面滑动、阶梯状滑动、楔形滑动和堆积体滑动等5种。     

共轭平移断层中各序次应力场和断裂等构造形迹相互关系的力学分析

从数学、力学的角度定量分析了各类构造结构面之间的空间组合规律, 并推导出相关的公式。本文首次提出了预测或预报对区域稳定性或岩体稳定性具有重大影响的断裂构造的产状要素和派生构造应力场的方位、大小的方法。     

Post-Gondwana break-up record constraints from apatite fission track thermochronology in NW Namibia

The break-up of Western Gondwana Supercontinent was responsible in NW Namibia for significant tectono-thermal events at Early Cretaceous. In the Kaoko Belt and Walvis Basin, several evidences of this plate readjustment are registered: Etendeka Province, Great Escarpment Mountains, Precambrian structure reactivations, unconformities of surfaces in both continental area and margin basins. Apatite fission track thermochronology applied to the Kaoko basement rocks provides evidence of long-lived cooling history since the Early Cretaceous. The thermal modelings indicate accelerated uplift and/or upwarping of the local crust at followed by a gradual and continuous cooling history.     

New versatile organyltellurium(IV) halides: Synthesis and X-ray structural features of the telluronium tellurolate salts [PhTe(CH3)2]2[TeX6] (X = Cl, Br) and [Ph3Te][PhTeX4] (X = Cl, Br, I)

TeX₄ (X = Cl, Br) react in HCl/HBr with [Ph(CH₃)₂Te]X (X = Cl, Br) to give [PhTe(CH₃)₂]₂[TeCl₆] (1) and [PhTe(CH₃)₂]₂[TeBr₆] (2). The reaction of PhTeX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) in cooled methanol with [(Ph)₃Te]X (X = Cl, Br, I) leads to [Ph₃Te][PhTeCl₄] (3), [Ph₃Te][PhTeBr₄] (4) and [Ph₃Te][PhTeI₄] (5). In the lattices of the telluronium tellurolate salts 1 and 2, octahedral TeCl₆ and TeBr₆ dianions are linked by telluronium cations through Te?Cl and Te?Br secondary bonds, attaining bidimensional (1) and three-dimensional (2) assemblies. The complexes 3, 4 and 5 show two kinds of Te?halogen secondary interactions: the anion-anion interactions, which form centrosymmetric dimers, and two identical sets of three telluronium-tellurolate interactions, which accomplish the centrosymmetric fundamental moiety of the supramolecular arrays of the three compounds, with the tellurium atoms attaining distorted octahedral geometries. Also phenyl C-H?halogen secondary interactions are structure forming forces in the crystalline structures of compounds 3, 4 and 5.     

北京晓幼营板理化岩体结构面强度的原位测试

岩体强度很大程度上取决于结构面的强度,板理化岩体尤其如此。通过原位测试直接获得岩体结构面的强度参数对于岩体稳定性分析和工程设计都具有重要意义。为了解板理化岩体板理结构面的强度性质,选择北京房山区晓幼营白云质板理化岩体进行了结构面强度的原位测试研究。鉴于传统岩体原位直剪试验成本高和操作难的情况,在掌握北京地区构造应力资料的基础上,在试验中考虑岩体中板理结构面的产状与构造应力方向的关系,提出了一套利用地应力提供原位试体剪切面法向力的测试分析方法:开挖出不同方向、不同解除状态的3个试体(试坑); 试坑中两个平行的解除面与原岩之间形成一定距离的空间,自然构成了施加水平试验荷载的反力框架,从而免除了传统试验中笨重的试验反力装置。由于解除面组合的变化,试体受到的构造应力状态有相应的变化,与试验荷载叠加后在预定剪切面上形成了不同大小法向力和切向力。上述方法免除了笨重的反力装置,取得了一定的实验效果,确定了被测岩体结构面的强度参数:黏聚力c和摩擦角φ,对原位岩体结构面强度测试方法进行了一次有益的新尝试,得到的岩体结构面的强度参数为类似板岩地区大型输电线路塔杆地基设计及岩体稳定性分析提供了参考。     

Cesium-Labeled Phlogopite as a Tracer for in Situ Studies of Sediment Burial,Reworking, and Resuspension Rates

Abstract

Phlogopite is a mica mined commercially in eastern Canada. Its major exchangeable cation, K⁺, can be removed with sodium tetraphenylboron. When the K-depleted phase is soaked in CsCl (aq), it binds Cs⁺, forming a new crystalline phase, CsPhlog, that contains up to 10 weight-% Cs. The new phase binds Cs⁺ strongly (K_D > 10⁶), making CsPhlog stable enough to be useful as a tracer for clay particles. We investigated the direct determination of Cs in lacustrine sediments using neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and radio frequency (r. f.) glow-discharge mass spectrometry. Glow discharge mass spectrometry proved insufficiently sensitive due to isobaric interferences, but the other two methods were usable at tracer levels. Activation analysis was used for routine determinations because of its superior sensitivity. Starting with CsPhlog containing a few percent Cs by weight, the observed sensitivity translated to a measurable dispersal factor of at least 10⁴. We used CsPhlog deployed from a manned submersible to study sediment reworking in Lake Superior, where it behaved similarly to rare-earth oxide tracers deployed simultaneously.     

用余震数据研究震区应力状态的一种计算机处理方法

使用全面搜索和优化处理相结合的方法,由一组余震的P波初动解资料可以推断出余震区的构造应力的主轴方向,应力主值的相对大小(1),并同时确定了余震的两个P波节面中的断层面。对1976年唐山地震相1966年邢台地震的余震资料的计算处理,都给出了余震区的主压应力为水平东西向,主张应力为近水平南北向的结果。因此可以认为,本方法对于用地震资料研究应力场是一个有用的工具。     

Determination of tectonic uplift rates of Qinling mountains in central China by fission tracks

Fission track dating of apatite from granites collected at six elevations at Taibai mountains, Qinling range, central China has been carried out. The ages of apatites range from 31.3 to 40.5 Ma in sequence consistent with elevations from 1320 to 3760 m above sea level. The age–elevation plot suggests the presence of a break in slope, which may represent the base of an exhumed palaeo partial annealing zone (PAZ). Further work on track length measurements is urged for confirmation of this preliminary inference.